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41.
Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Breitner S Liu L Cyrys J Brüske I Franck U Schlink U Leitte AM Herbarth O Wiedensohler A Wehner B Hu M Pan XC Wichmann HE Peters A 《The Science of the total environment》2011,409(24):5196-5204
Background
While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.Objectives
Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.Methods
We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.Results
We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm3). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.Conclusions
Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing. 相似文献42.
岩质边坡岩石的分类与边界范围的确定对于边坡稳定性的分析至关重要,目前人工方法效率低且受主观因素影响,所以基于Tensorflow建立了岩质边坡图像集分析的卷积神经网络模型,通过卷积操作和池化操作分别对80000张岩质边坡图像进行特征信息的提取和压缩,然后对网络模型进行训练从而实现了岩质边坡岩石的自动识别与分类;采用训练集和测试集中的岩质边坡图像对模型进行检验分析,训练集准确率达到了98%,测试集准确率达到了90%,显示了训练之后的网络模型具有良好的鲁棒性,达到了理想的训练效果。接下来以边坡不同岩石的颜色为主要区分依据,利用深度学习回归操作对岩质边坡不同种类岩石的范围进行确定,为验证算法效果,选取标准彩色岩质边坡图像进行仿真试验,边界检测效果准确。最终采用深度学习建立的网络模型,实现了岩质边坡岩石识别与边界范围划分的快速化、自动化,为后续将图像识别获取的岩质边坡信息导入团队自主研发的GeoSMA-3D软件中,作为对岩质边坡等级判定的重要参数。 相似文献
43.
44.
高效减水剂改良与发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了各种混凝土对高效减水剂的要求与改良的必要性,阐述了改性机理,指出了高效减水剂改性方法。 相似文献
45.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) in coastal bays with frequent algal blooms can undergo significant diurnal changes. Short-term DO and algal dynamics in a sub-tropical, nitrogen-limited, marine ecosystem are studied by means of a specially designed telemetry system. The high resolution data show clearly the importance of the vertical DO structure, and its relationship with environmental variables (solar radiation, water temperature, wind, tidal current) and phytoplankton dynamics. The design, instrumentation and calibration, and operational experience of the system are described. The simple and robust system has proved useful in (i) providing continuous data for full testing of water quality models, and (ii) the planning of field experiments to study algal dynamics. 相似文献
46.
萘系高效减水剂的合成 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
萘系高效减水剂是一种用途较广性能优越的高效减水剂。探讨了它的合成方法、反应控制因素、成品对混凝土性能的影响。 相似文献
47.
古代匠师广泛地选用天花装饰题材,创造了很多成功的天花装饰形式。此次介绍其中两种清式天花:沥粉贴金升降龙天花和六字真言天花。本文具体介绍此两种清式天花工艺做法和使用范围。 相似文献
48.
Yonglu Zhang Dingfan Qiu Chengyan Wang Yongqiang Chen Zhichao Yao Xiaowu Jie Wei Gao Shufeng Ruan 《中国化学工程学报》2022,41(1):466-472
Mineral oxidation leaching in the anode area is the key step in slurry electrolysis.By adopting the slow linear potential scanning method during slurry electrolysis,this study investigated the steady-state polarization curve of a pure stibnite mineral on a graphite anode.In addition,the influence of the mineral particle size,liquid-solid ratio,stirring speed,and temperature on the collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode was studied.Based on the different oxidation reactions,the potential range can be divided into three intervals:the low-potential interval with a potential lower than 0.75 V,an intermediate-potential interval with a potential within 0.75-1.2 V,and a high-potential interval with a potential higher than 1.2 V.The collision oxidation of the mineral with the anode occurred in all three intervals.The oxi-dation of Sb(Ⅲ) also appeared in the intermediate-and high-potential intervals,and chlorine evolution occurred in the high-potential interval.Therefore,the low-potential interval was determined to be a suit-able potential interval for the slurry electrolysis process.In the low-potential interval,the particle size,liquid-solid ratio,and stirring speed had little effect on the oxidation rate of the minerals.As the temper-ature increased,the stibnite oxidation rate and exchange current density increased.Overall,the direct collision oxidation rate of stibnite was relatively low and the current densities under all the investigated conditions were lower than 0.4 mA.cm-2.This indicates that it is difficult to realize industrial production while relying solely on this process. 相似文献
49.
《工程建设标准强制性条文》(房屋建筑部分)的若干条文存在相互矛盾或难以操作之处。在执行中应加以变通处理。本文提出这些问题,望引起关注和讨论。 相似文献
50.
本文通过一个典型的工程实例,分析了小截面静压预制桩的设计要点、适用范围以及它在厦门推广过程中应注意的问题。 相似文献